His Holiness the Dalai Lama 14 Tendzin Gyatso

spiritual leader of Tibet

1935   -  

country of citizenship: Tibet, People's Republic of China, Republic of China
languages spoken, written or signed: English, Tibetan, Chinese
educated at: University of Melbourne, University of British Columbia
occupation: bhikṣu, lama, politician
award received: Nobel Peace Prize, honorary Canadian citizenship, Ramon Magsaysay Award, Erik Bye's Memorial Prize, Templeton Prize, Four Freedoms Award - Freedom Medal, Philadelphia Liberty Medal, James Parks Morton Interfaith Award, Peace Prize of Hesse, Congressional Gold Medal, Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize, honorary citizen of Warsaw, Honorary citizen of Rome, Honorary citizen of Budapest, Order of the White Lotus, Order of the Tyva Republic, Order of the Smile, honorary doctor of the University of Santiago, Chile, honorary doctor of the University of Marburg, honorary doctor of Lusíada University, honorary doctor of the University of Tartu, honorary doctor of the University of Münster, Osgar, honorary doctor of the University of Tromsø, honorary doctor of the Jagiellonian University of Krakow, honorary doctor of the University of Miami
position held: Dalai Lama, member of the National People's Congress
student of: Heinrich Harrer, Ngawang Sungrab Thutob, Thubten Lungtog Tenzin Trinley, Lobzang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Peljor, Trulshik Rinpoche, Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen, Chogye Trichen
www.dalaiLama.com
@DalaiLama
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Ebooks: on Wikisource

The 14th Dalai Lama (spiritual name Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, known as Tenzin Gyatso; né Lhamo Thondup), known as Gyalwa Rinpoche to the Tibetan people, is the current Dalai Lama, the highest spiritual leader and former head of state of Tibet. Born on 6 July 1935, or in the Tibetan calendar, in the Wood-Pig Year, 5th month, 5th day, he is considered a living Bodhisattva; specifically, an emanation of Guanyin Bodhisattva (Avalokiteśvara). He is also the leader of the Gelug school, the newest school of Tibetan Buddhism, formally headed by the Ganden Tripa. The central government of Tibet, the Ganden Phodrang, invested the Dalai Lama with temporal duties until his exile in 1959. On 29 April 1959, the Dalai Lama established the independent Tibetan government in exile in the north Indian hill station of Mussoorie, which then moved in May 1960 to Dharamshala, where he resides. He retired as political head in 2011 to make way for a democratic government, the Central Tibetan Administration.The 14th Dalai Lama was born to a farming family in Taktser (Hongya Village), in the traditional Tibetan region of Amdo (administratively Qinghai Province, Republic of China). He was selected as the tulku of the 13th Dalai Lama in 1937 and formally recognized as the 14th Dalai Lama in a public declaration near the town of Bumchen in 1939. As with the recognition process for his predecessor, a Golden Urn selection process was not used. His enthronement ceremony was held in Lhasa on 22 February 1940 and he eventually assumed full temporal (political) duties on 17 November 1950, at the age of 15, after the People's Republic of China's occupation of Tibet. The Tibetan government administered the historic Tibetan regions of Ü-Tsang, Kham and Amdo.During the 1959 Tibetan uprising, the Dalai Lama escaped to India, where he currently lives in exile while remaining the most important spiritual leader of Tibet. The Dalai Lama advocates for the welfare of Tibetans while continuing to call for the Middle Way Approach to negotiations with China for the autonomy of the nation and the protection of its culture, including for the religious rights of Tibetans. The Dalai Lama also meets with other world leaders, religious leaders, philosophers and scientists, and travels worldwide giving Tibetan Buddhist teachings. His work includes focus on the environment, economics, women's rights, nonviolence, interfaith dialogue, physics, astronomy, Buddhism and science, cognitive neuroscience, reproductive health and sexuality. Along with his teachings on Tibetan Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism, the Dalai Lama's Kalachakra teachings and initiations are international events. He is the chief Patron of the Maha Bodhi Society of India, conferred upon him at the 2008 Annual General Meeting of the Maha Bodhi Society of India.The Dalai Lama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989, and the US Congressional Gold Medal in 2006. Time magazine named the Dalai Lama one of the "Children of Mahatma Gandhi" and Gandhi's spiritual heir to nonviolence.
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