Peter (or Pyotr or Petr) Berngardovich Struve (Russian: Пётр Бернга́рдович Стру́ве; pronounced [pʲɵtr bʲɪrnˈɡardəvʲɪtɕˈstruvʲɪ]; 26 January 1870 – 22 February 1944) was a Russian political economist, philosopher, historian and editor. He started his career as a Marxist, later became a liberal and after the Bolshevik Revolution joined the White movement. From 1920, he lived in exile in Paris, where he was a prominent critic of Russian Communism. Source: Wikipedia (en)