The Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de Ultramar is a geographic handbook of Spain. Originally published in 16 volumes between 1845 and 1850, it was edited and directed by Pascual Madoz. A widely known work in Spain (often simply known as "el Madoz"), used as reference work, it stands out in terms of the sheer amount of information, its systematization as well as for covering the whole geography of Spain. Source: Wikipedia (en)