Muhammad Iqbalm

Author

British Indian Urdu poet, philosopher and politician (1877-1938)

1877 - 1938

country of citizenship: British India, German Reich
language of expression: Urdu, Persian, German, Arabic
educated at: Murray College, University of Cambridge, Trinity College, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Government College University, Heidelberg University
occupation: philosopher, writer, poet, children's writer, politician, lawyer
award received: Sir, Knight Bachelor
influenced by: Leo Tolstoy, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Friedrich Nietzsche, Aristotle, Thomas Walker Arnold, Henri Bergson, Muhammad, Rumi, Ahmad Sirhindi, Abul Ala Maududi, Bayazid Bastami
www.allamaiqbal.com

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Sir Muhammad Iqbal (Urdu: محمد اقبال‎; 9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938) was a poet, philosopher, lawyer, theorist and politician from Punjab, British India (now in Pakistan), whose poetry in Urdu and Persian is considered to be among the greatest of the modern era, and whose vision of an independent state for the Muslims of British India was to inspire the creation of Pakistan. He is commonly referred to as Allama Iqbal (علامہ اقبال‎, Allama lit. Scholar). After studying in England and Germany, Iqbal established a law practice, but concentrated primarily on writing scholarly works on politics, economics, history, philosophy and religion. He is best known for his poetic works, including Asrar-e-Khudi—which brought a knighthood— Rumuz-e-Bekhudi, and the Bang-e-Dara. In Iran, where he is known as Iqbāl-e Lāhorī (,اقبال لاہوری Urdu: اقبال لہوری :Punjabi‎ Iqbal of Lahore), he is highly regarded for his Persian works. Iqbal was a strong proponent of the political and spiritual revival of Islamic civilisation across the world, but specifically in India; a series of famous lectures he delivered to this effect were published as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. One of the most prominent leaders of the All India Muslim League, Iqbal encouraged the creation of a "state in northwestern India for Indian Muslims" in his 1930 presidential address. Iqbal encouraged and worked closely with Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and he is known as Muffakir-e-Pakistan ("The Thinker of Pakistan"), Shair-e-Mashriq ("The Poet of the East"), and Hakeem-ul-Ummat ("The Sage of Ummah"). He is officially recognised as the "national poet" in Pakistan. The anniversary of his birth (یوم ولادت محمد اقبال‎ – Yōm-e Welādat-e Muḥammad Iqbāl) on 9 November is a holiday in Pakistan.
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