John Shaw Billings

1838 - 1913

country of citizenship: United States of America

languages spoken, written or signed: English

educated at: Miami University, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

occupation: librarian, surgeon, statistician, botanist, writer

award received: Library Hall of Fame, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, honorary doctor of the University of Munich, honorary doctor of the University of Edinburgh, honorary doctor of Harvard University, Honorary doctor of the University of Oxford, honorary doctor of the Eötvös Loránd University, honorary doctor of the Yale University, Doctor honoris causa of the University of Dublin

position held: President of the American Library Association

John Shaw Billings (April 12, 1838 – March 11, 1913) was an American librarian, building designer, and surgeon who modernized the Library of the Surgeon General's Office in the United States Army. His work with Andrew Carnegie led to the development and his service as the first director of the New York Public Library. Billings oversaw the building of the Surgeon General's Library, which was the nation's first comprehensive library for medicine. Because of his approach to improving public health and hospitals, Billings was asked to head the U.S. Census Bureau's Vital Statistics division, where he oversaw statistical compilation of censuses. With Robert Fletcher, Billings developed Index Medicus, a monthly guide to contemporary medicine that was published for sixteen months until Billings' retirement from the Medical Museum and Library. Billings aided the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury in adjusting the organization of the military hospitals. With his growing credibility in the medical field, Billings oversaw work done to aid those struggling with yellow fever. He also served as medical advisor to Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, and authored reports regarding criteria for medical and nursing curricula and hospital design. Billings made notable contributions to Johns Hopkins Hospital's architecture, infrastructure, and curriculum for the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Source: Wikipedia (en)