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Fascism ( FASH-iz-əm) is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.Fascism rose to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. The first fascist movements emerged in Italy during World War I before spreading to other European countries, most notably Germany. Fascism also had adherents outside of Europe. Opposed to anarchism, democracy, pluralism, liberalism, socialism, and Marxism, fascism is placed on the far-right wing within the traditional left–right spectrum.Fascists saw World War I as a revolution that brought massive changes to the nature of war, society, the state, and technology. The advent of total war and the mass mobilization of society erased the distinction between civilians and combatants. A military citizenship arose in which all citizens were involved with the military in some manner. The war resulted in the rise of a powerful state capable of mobilizing millions of people to serve on the front lines and providing logistics to support them, as well as having unprecedented authority to intervene in the lives of citizens.Fascism rejects assertions that violence is inherently negative or pointless, instead viewing imperialism, political violence, and war as means to national rejuvenation. Fascists often advocate for the establishment of a totalitarian one-party state, and for a dirigiste economy, with the principal goal of achieving autarky (national economic self-sufficiency) through economic interventionist policies. Fascism's extreme authoritarianism and nationalism often manifest as a belief in racial purity or a master race, usually blended with some variant of racism or discrimination against a demonized "Other", such as Jews. These ideas have motivated fascist regimes to commit massacres, forced sterilizations, deportations, and genocides. During World War II, the actions of the fascist Axis powers, with their genocidal and imperialist ambitions, caused the death of millions of people. Since the end of World War II in 1945, few parties have openly described themselves as fascist; the term is more often used pejoratively by political opponents. The descriptions of neo-fascist or post-fascist are sometimes employed to describe contemporary parties with ideologies similar to, or rooted in, 20th-century fascist movements. Some opposition groups have adopted the label anti-fascist or antifa to signify their stance. Source: Wikipedia (en)
Works about fascism 41
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Faschismustheorien
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Fascism: A Warning
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On Tyranny
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The Pope and Mussolini
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Kurze Weltgeschichte des Faschismus: Ursprünge und Erscheinungsformen faschistischer Bewegungen und Herrschaftssysteme
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The Apprentice's Sorcerer
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«Viva Mussolini!». La guerra della memoria nell’Italia di Berlusconi , Bossi e Fini
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American Fascists
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British Fascism 1918–39
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Nation and Race
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Les extrémismes en Europe
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Making History
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Der Faschismus und seine demokratische Bewältigung
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Le Facisme et les Italiens à Montréal
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Fascism
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A History of Fascism 1914–1945
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Fruits of Fascism
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„Wir kriegen jetzt andere Zeiten“: Auf der Suche nach der Erfahrung des Volkes in nachfaschistischen Ländern
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Rückkehr zum starken Staat?
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The Wave
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Fascism in Britain
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The Appeal of Fascism
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Fascism Today
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The Man in the High Castle
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Fascism and Big Business
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It Can't Happen Here
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The Mass Psychology of Fascism
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La Peste brune a passé par là... À bicyclette à travers l'Allemagne hitlérienne.
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El fascismo redentor
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The fascists exposed. A Year of Fascist Domination
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La reacción contra la anarquía
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The Doctrine of Fascism
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Subject - wd:Q6223