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photo credits: Wikimedia Commons
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. The surface of Mars is orange-red because it is covered in iron(III) oxide dust, giving it the nickname "the Red Planet". Mars hosts many enormous extinct volcanos (such as Olympus Mons, 21.9 km or 13.6 mi tall) and one of the largest canyons in the Solar System (Valles Marineris, 4,000 km or 2,500 mi long). For comparison, Mars's diameter is 6,779 km (4,212 mi). It is classified as a terrestrial planet and is the second smallest of the Solar System's planets. When viewed closely, the relatively flat plains in northern parts of Mars strongly contrast with the cratered terrain in southern highlands – this terrain observation is known as the Martian dichotomy. Geologically, the planet is fairly active with marsquakes trembling underneath the ground, dust devils sweeping across the landscape, and cirrus clouds. Carbon dioxide are substantially present in Mars's polar ice caps and thin atmosphere. In terms of orbital motion, a Martian solar day (sol) is equal to 24.5 hours and a Martian solar year is equal to 1.88 Earth years (687 Earth days). During a year, there are large surface temperature swings on the surface between −78.5 °C (−109.3 °F) to 5.7 °C (42.3 °F) similar to Earth's seasons, as both planets have significant orbital eccentricity and axial tilt. Mars has two natural satellites that are small and irregular in shape: Phobos and Deimos. Mars was formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago. During the Noachian period (4.5 to 3.5 billion years ago), Mars's surface was marked by meteor impacts, valley formation, erosion, and the possible presence of water oceans. The Hesperian period (3.5 to 3.3–2.9 billion years ago) was dominated by widespread volcanic activity and flooding that carved immense outflow channels. The Amazonian period, which continues to the present, was marked by the wind as a dominant influence on geological processes. It is unknown whether life has ever existed on Mars. Mars is among the brightest objects in Earth's sky and its high-contrast albedo features have make it a common subject for telescope viewing. Since the late 20th century, Mars has been explored by uncrewed spacecraft and rovers, with the first flyby by the Mariner 4 probe in 1965, the first Mars orbiter by the Mars 2 probe in 1971, and the first landing by the Viking 1 probe in 1976. As of 2023, there are at least 11 active probes orbiting Mars or at the Martian surface. Mars is an attractive target for future human exploration missions, though in the 2020s no such mission is planned. Source: Wikipedia (en)
Works about Mars 62
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Seventh International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration
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Volatiles in the Martian Crust
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Ninth International Conference on Mars: July 22-25, 2019, Pasadena, California
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Late Mars Workshop
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Dust in the Atmosphere of Mars and Its Impact on Human Exploration: Houston Texas, June 13-15, 2017
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Fourth International Conference on Early Mars: Geologic, Hydrologic, and Climatic Evolution and the Implications for Life
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Worlds Fantastic, Worlds Familiar: A Guided Tour of the Solar System
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Biosignature Preservation and Detection in Mars Analog Environments
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The Sixth International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration
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The Eighth International Conference on Mars
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Mantle of Mars: Insights from Theory, Geophysics, High-Pressure Studies, and Meteorites
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Fifth International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration
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First International Conference on Mars Sedimentology and Stratigraphy
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Third International Workshop on Mars Polar Energy Balance and the CO2 Cycle
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The New Martian Chemistry Workshop
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Workshop on Ground Truth from Mars: Science Payoff from a Sample Return Mission, April 21-23, 2008, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Workshop on Martian Gullies: Theories and Tests, February 4-5, 2008, Houston, Texas
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Workshop on Martian Phyllosilicates: Recorders of Aqueous Processes?
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Seventh International Conference on Mars
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Fourth International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration
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Workshop on Martian Sulfates as Recorders of Atmospheric-Fluid Rock Interactions: October 22-24, 2006, Houston, Texas
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Hemispheres Apart: The Origin and Modification of the Martian Crustal Dichotomy: September 30-October 1, 2004, Houston, Texas
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Second Conference on Early Mars, Geologic, Hydrologic, and Climatic Evolution and the Implications for Life
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Sixth International Conference on Mars
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Third International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration
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Mars Infrared Spectroscopy: From Theory and the Laboratory to Field Observations: June 4-6, 2002, at the Lunar and Planetary Institute
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Field Trip and Workshop on the Martian Highlands and Mojave Desert Analogs : Las Vegas, Nevada, and Barstow, California, October 20-27, 2001
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Workshop on Science and the Human Exploration of Mars: January 11-12, 2001, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
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Second International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration
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Fifth International Conference on Mars
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Workshop on Mars 2001, Integrated Science in Preparation for Sample Return and Human Exploration: October 2-4, 1999, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas
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First International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration
Works about Mars 2
Works about Mars 28
- Mass Effect: Revelation
- Empire of the Atom
- A Fighting Man of Mars
- Podkayne of Mars
- A Wizard of Mars
- Rainbow Mars
- Return to Mars
- Mars trilogy
- Barsoom
- A Princess of Mars
- The Gods of Mars
- The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch
- The Chessmen of Mars
- The Warlord of Mars
- The Sands of Mars
- Aelita
- Byomjatrir Diary
- Marooned on Mars
- No Man Friday
- The Martian
- A Double Shadow
- Enchanted Village
- Martian Heart
- Hesperia and Glory
- An Ocean Is a Snowflake, Four Billion Miles Away
- Where the Golden Apples Grow
- La Malcontenta
- The Strange
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