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A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and recognize further and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future. Vaccines can be prophylactic (to prevent or alleviate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (to fight a disease that has already occurred, such as cancer). Some vaccines offer full sterilizing immunity, in which infection is prevented completely.The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available for twenty-five different preventable infections.The first recorded use of inoculation to prevent smallpox occurred in the 16th century in China, with the earliest hints of the practice in China coming during the 10th century. It was also the first disease for which a vaccine was produced. The folk practice of inoculation against smallpox was brought from Turkey to Britain in 1721 by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Edward Jenner (who both developed the concept of vaccines and created the first vaccine) to denote cowpox. He used the phrase in 1798 for the long title of his Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae Known as the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox. In 1881, to honor Jenner, Louis Pasteur proposed that the terms should be extended to cover the new protective inoculations then being developed. The science of vaccine development and production is termed vaccinology. Source: Wikipedia (en)
Works about vaccine 117
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Genomic Epidemiology Data Infrastructure Needs for SARS-CoV-2: Modernizing Pandemic Response Strategies
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Exploring the Frontiers of Innovation to Tackle Microbial Threats: Proceedings of a Workshop
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Vaccines: truth, lies and controversy
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Continuous Manufacturing for the Modernization of Pharmaceutical Production: Proceedings of a Workshop
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Exploring Lessons Learned from a Century of Outbreaks: Readiness for 2030: Proceedings of a Workshop
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Review of Report and Approach to Evaluating Long-Term Health Effects in Army Test Subjects
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Impact of the Global Medical Supply Chain on SNS Operations and Communications: Proceedings of a Workshop
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Integrating Clinical Research into Epidemic Response: The Ebola Experience
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A National Strategy for the Elimination of Hepatitis B and C: Phase Two Report
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Building a National Capability to Monitor and Assess Medical Countermeasure Use During a Public Health Emergency: Going Beyond the Last Mile: Proceedings of a Workshop
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Building Communication Capacity to Counter Infectious Disease Threats: Proceedings of a Workshop
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Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Approach to a Global Threat: Proceedings of a Workshop
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Global Health and the Future Role of the United States
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Examining the Mistrust of Science: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief
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Eliminating the Public Health Problem of Hepatitis B and C in the United States: Phase One Report
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The Nation's Medical Countermeasure Stockpile: Opportunities to Improve the Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Sustainability of the CDC Strategic National Stockpile: Workshop Summary
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The Ebola Epidemic in West Africa: Proceedings of a Workshop
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Policy Issues in the Clinical Development and Use of Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment: Proceedings of a Workshop
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Global Health Impacts of Vector-Borne Diseases: Workshop Summary
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Global Health Risk Framework: Research and Development of Medical Products: Workshop Summary
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Rapid Medical Countermeasure Response to Infectious Diseases: Enabling Sustainable Capabilities Through Ongoing Public- and Private-Sector Partnerships: Workshop Summary
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Ranking Vaccines: Applications of a Prioritization Software Tool: Phase III: Use Case Studies and Data Framework
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Emerging Viral Diseases: The One Health Connection: Workshop Summary
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Potential Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research: Summary of a Workshop
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Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop
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International Regulatory Harmonization Amid Globalization of Drug Development: Workshop Summary
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Ranking Vaccines: A Prioritization Software Tool: Phase II: Prototype of a Decision-Support System
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The Childhood Immunization Schedule and Safety: Stakeholder Concerns, Scientific Evidence, and Future Studies
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Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality
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Ranking Vaccines: A Prioritization Framework: Phase I: Demonstration of Concept and a Software Blueprint
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Ensuring Safe Foods and Medical Products Through Stronger Regulatory Systems Abroad
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Strengthening a Workforce for Innovative Regulatory Science in Therapeutics Development: Workshop Summary
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